NITROGEN GENERATORSNitrogen generators use either membrane or pressure-swing-adsorption (PSA) technologies. Membrane generators made by Balston, a division of Parker, produce up to 99.5% pure, commercially sterile nitrogen at dewpoints to ingersollrand19cfm175psi11hphorizontialaircompressormodel2475f11gh -58[degrees]F from compressed air. They use proprietary membrane-separation technology to divide air into two streams: one 95 to 99.5% pure nitrogen, the other oxygen-rich with carbon dioxide and ingersollrand19cfm175psi11hphorizontialaircompressormodel2475f11gh other trace gases.Compressed air flows through bundles of individual, hollow fibers made of semipermeable membranes. Each fiber has a perfectly circular cross section and a uniform bore through its center. Because the fibers are so small, a great many can be packed into a limited ingersollrand19cfm175psi11hphorizontialaircompressormodel2475f11gh space, providing enough surface area to produce a relatively high-volume flow of nitrogen.

This article describes this new compressor technology and its first use in an ARI-certified chiller design.THE BEARINGSTraditional centrifugal compressors use roller bearings and hydrodynamic bearings, both of which ingersollrand19cfm175psi11hphorizontialaircompressormodel2475f11gh consume power and require oil and a lubrication system. Recently, ceramic roller bearings, which avoid issues related to oil and ingersollrand19cfm175psi11hphorizontialaircompressormodel2475f11gh reduce power consumption, were introduced to the HVAC industry. The lubrication of these bearings is provided by the refrigerant itself. (1)Magnetic-bearing technology is significantly different. A digitally controlled magnetic-bearing system, consisting of both permanent magnets and electromagnets, replaces conventional lubricated bearings. The frictionless compressor shaft is the compressor''s only moving component. It rotates on a levitated magnetic cushion (Figure 1). Magnetic ingersollrand19cfm175psi11hphorizontialaircompressormodel2475f11gh bearings--two radial and one axial--hold the shaft in position (Figure 2).

Gas cylinders and dewars are becoming relics ingersollrand19cfm175psi11hphorizontialaircompressormodel2475f11gh thanks to the advent of gas-generation systems. These generators turn compressed gas into nitrogen, and deionized water into hydrogen gas. Over the last several years, advances in technology have significantly increased use of these on-site gas generators. Membranes, specialized adsorbents and catalysts, improved air compressors, and enhanced electronic controls have fueled this wave of progress.Gas generators provide consistent, reliable, on-site supplies of gases that are instantly ready for use. And since gas generators eliminate the need to store gases, they also do away with injuries caused by lifting and dropping heavy metal cylinders. Doing away with cylinders also eliminates the costs of maintenance, shipping, returning, and storing them. There is also no need to keep hydrogen generators away from oxidizing gases or to locate generators in specially constructed areas.

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